Data-Algorithm structure in the top-down approach; Truth-Proof in the bottom-up approach.

Data-Algorithm

Phenomenology and to a greater extent whole of Continental Philosophy. Data is Everything. Perspective Projections Model

Truth-Proof

Bertrand Russell, G. E. Moore and all of Analytic Philosophy

Also see (DevonThink) How to safely think in systems. | Irrational Exuberance